Coimbra is a vibrant city of almost 150,000 spread over 319.4 square kilometres. Coimbra is a capital of the Centro region and is found in the Baixo Mondego region. One of the central structures in the city is the Coimbra University that was established in 1537. Aside from this institution, there are many other major architectural edifices that have been preserved throughout the ages.

Coimbra is about a two-hour drive from Lisbon, the country’s capital. It is an ideal place for homeownership as it is a quiet suburb with amenities such as bars, restaurants, concerts and nightspots. The city is vibrant with youthful energy, being a university town, and academic learning, with its educational institution. The city is historic, with many structures dating back to the Arab, Jewish and Christian times as well as artistic as many treasures of the past have been preserved for the youth in the city

Another delight that makes Coimbra an attractive city to choose as one’s residence is the shopping paradise it provides. The old town is nestled on a steep hill with a good number of crafts and art shops and the city have a long tradition of cultural excellence and artistry because of the university. There are many bookshops with many other specialty shops and galleries which would enrich the soul. There are many bargains available in the many shops and stores located in and around the city square. The central clock tower presides over the passage of time in the city, and watches over the many parades and festivities the city celebrates. All these make Coimbra such an attractive option for one to reside in.

The Property Conundrum of Coimbra

One of the most important and financial decisions one can make in their lives is in the purchase of a home. Not everyone is given the ability and the time to pore through the complexities and conundrums of property purchase and sale. It is this niche that real estate brokers and sales agents provide for the many individuals wishing to own property in Coimbra. These individuals know the neighbourhoods that are best suited to the individual’s tastes and preferences. Their expertise also extends to their ability to understand and navigate the peculiarities in the administrative and legal aspects of property transfer and ownership in Coimbra. They also are important go-betweens regarding price discussions between the sellers and buyers. Their functions include the verification of the title as well as title searches. They also facilitate meetings between buyers and sellers until the final agreement on the details of the transaction. These individuals also arrange mortgaging or financing up until the actual physical transfer of the property.

The Keys in Purchasing Property in Coimbra

When you are purchasing property in Coimbra, you need to know where and how the process of purchasing property works. There are many factors that come into play in a property transaction and many individuals play great roles in the whole process. The following are certain events during the process that can be the difference between making the sale and failing to enter into an agreement.

• Title verification and search. This is a process where brokers and agents make the title to the property as to the authenticity of the document as well as the correctness of the facts contained in the document. If there is a defect in the document’s contents, then the sale can just as easily go bust. If it is a correctible mistake, then the agent or broker can arrange for the amendment of the title.
• Preparatory meetings. The brokers and the agents arrange for the meetings between buyers and sellers as well as limit the talking points between the two parties in order to bring them closer to an agreement. These include finding the maximum allowable negotiating points between the parties and finding common grounds for the parties to agree at the soonest possible time.
• Financial assistance. These brokers and agents are also able to find financial institutions that can provide loan terms that are reasonable for the buyer. When the buyer is unable to raise enough funds for the purchase, then the sale will not push through. In finding a mortgage loan for the buyer, the agent or broker can be assured of the consummation of the sale.

It is important that before you engage the services of an agent, you must already have an idea of the kind of property you are to purchase, be it a home, a condominium, an apartment or farm. From there, you also need to find out your maximum allowable purchase price to be able to get a ceiling for your prospective purchase. From there, the agent or broker you would be engaging can make calculations as well as identify prospects for your purchase. The agent or broker will only do this after you sign an engagement agreement that makes the agent or broker your exclusive representative in your property purchase. The listings that the agent or broker will provide as well as possible sources of financing are services that an agent or broker can provide once they are properly engaged. They are vital cogs as both representatives and agents for and on your behalf in your plan to purchase property in Portugal, especially in Coimbra.

There are other important personnel that you need on your side in order to assist in the transfer of your property. It is best that you engage the services of a lawyer or advogado when undertaking this kind of purchase. They will specifically function as individuals who will review the terms and conditions of the contract and ensure the enforceability of its provisions. You may also want to engage the services of a real estate appraiser to make a proper estimation of the true value of the property. These specialists examine income records, building valuation and the trends in property valuations of the area over a period of years to make an assessment of the fair market value of the property. This helps as you can become fully apprised of the property value and the future value of the prospective property to be purchased. Though these services can be provided by the agent or broker, it is highly recommended that you engage any of these specialized professions to verify and properly evaluate the property to be purchased in Coimbra.

This fine magnificent city is a step back into the Middle Ages. This city and municipality is located in the Dao- Lefoes sub-region of the Centro Region in Portugal. The municipality and city has a total area of 507 square kilometers. The land area has many irregular surfaces with high points of 400 to 700 meters. The rough terrain has many bodies of water where three basins are found, namely the Vouga, the Dao and the Paiva. This makes the municipality a zone of many microclimates, known as areas of transition. The bodies of water interacting with the Serra do Caramulo that is found out to the western area of the city, makes the weather of the Concelho be in the extremes as very wet winters and very dry summers.

The most developed area in the Viseu Concelho is the Grandes Areas Metropolitanas. This area is in the northern central part of the city as it has been a center of commerce for telecommunications, industry, trade and education. An industry that flourishes in the region is the processing of Dao wine, an inebriating spirit. There is the Dao Wine Institute and the Solar do Vinho do Diao that makes the city its home. There are three universities within its confines making it both as an educational as well as commercial hub in the region. The locale is also the crossroads to the Aveiro seaport in the Atlantic to Guarda on the Portuguese-Spanish border and then to Salamanca in Spain. Coimbra, the capital of the Centro Region, is a far eighty kilometers away. Another aspect that Viseu is known for is its art scene, as it is the site of the Grao Vasco Museum. There is also a thriving industry of handicrafts offered to all such as black pottery, bobbin lace, copper and wrought iron items and embroideries. These industries make up the richness of commerce and culture in the region.

Over the course of history, Viseu is well known as an urban center and home of national hero Viriathus. During Roman times, the town’s name was culled from the Roman term viso meaning good view. This was due to the original Roman settlement’s location, which is the highest point of the locale. On the square is the large cathedral with twin towers designed in the Manueline tradition in the exterior and magnificent baroque altarpiece and cloister is in the Baroque tradition. Then in 714 AD, Viseu was conquered by the Moors and holds it for almost a full century. In 791, the forces led by Alfonso II of Asturias recaptured the city.  Upon the victory of Alfonso II, a grave was found bearing the inscription “Hic requiescat Rudericus rex gothorum” or “here lies Rodrigo gothic king”. Rodrigo was known as the last Visigoth king before Iberia fell to the Moors and was believed to have been killed in the Battle of Guadelete, but his body was never found. The Moors were able to recapture the city in 930 AD. The city was fully liberated by Ferdinand I of Leon from the Taifa of Batlabus in 1058.

Viseu is known as the birthplace of one of the foremost painters of Portugal, Vasco Fernandes, or more known as Grao Vasco. His name is enshrined in the museum that showcases most of his works, the Grao Vasco Museu. The museum is situated in the former Episcopal palace and his seminal work inspired others to form the School of Viseu. The most important work by Grao Vasco is the fourteen-panel work depicting the life of the Christ. Another masterpiece is The Adoration of the Magi, where Balthazar is pictured as an Indian king from Brazil. Two other works showcased is the St Peter Enthroned and the Last Supper.

The museum is not the only place of historical interest in the city. There are a large number of churches, convents and chapels located all throughout the city. All in all, there is a cathedral, six major churches, four minor chapels and two convents together with the bishop’s palace. The cathedral is in the center of town and opposite it is the Igreja de Misericordia. The church is acclaimed for its Rococo façade and the religious artifacts in the church are both venerated and valuable.

The Praca Dom Duarte is a romantic square filled on all sides with wrought iron balconies and with stunning views of the cathedral. The street of many activities is the Rua Direita with its many shops, cafes and old townhouses. Another vibrant square is the Rossio that showcases a long mural with blue and white tiles that depict country life. The mural fronts the 19^th century town hall that has many more scenes of Viseu’s history and famous people. There are also fine pieces of woodwork and a courtyard. Lying a little distance to the south is the Church of the Brotherhood of St Francis built in the 18^th century.  To the south is República Square or Rossio, the vibrant main square with a long mural attractively covered in blue and white tiles depicting scenes of country life. Across from the mural is the 19th century town hall, with more tiles featuring the town’s history and personalities, fine woodwork, and a courtyard in the interior, and to the south is the 18th century baroque Church of the Brotherhood of St. Francis. Sitting atop a hill is mansion of the Moorish style that was once the home of the first director of the Grao Vasco Museum. The manor is called the Almeida Moreira House Museum with a wide array of paintings, ceramics, furniture and antiques that bring the visitor back in time. Another place to enrich the soul is the Teatro Viriato, named after the Lusitanian king who fought the Roman invaders of the Viseu. The statue of Viriato stands at the edge of town to welcome its visitors.

The views from Viseu are not only seen atop the Cathedral’s watchtowers. This was the view in the ancient times. Now, in the modern times, the views of the city have changed into the great future that lies in store for the city of Viseu.

Costa Verde is the second largest city in Portugal and is located on the northwest coast of Portugal. It is considered as the coffers of Portugal, being the center of finance and commerce in the country. Even with this modernity, the locale has stunning natural environs, white beaches and beautiful wineries making the city truly a unique place to visit for foreigners and locals alike. There are many offerings for the varied interests and enjoyments of the visitors to the Emerald Locale, and one can surely find the most suitable one while enjoying the history, culture and cuisine of the area.

The Costa Verde is in actuality the tourist area that comprises the districts of Minho and the greater part of Douro Litoral. The area is a swath of land area from the City of Porto right up to the Spanish border and the Viana do Castelo. The area has six sub-regions covering three districts of the eighteen spread throughout Portugal. There are many historic and interesting sites up and down this area that will surely pique the interest of many tourists. Primary among these locales are the towns of Braga and Guimaraes, as these are frequented by the young and the jet set. These towns offer the very best of Portuguese hospitality and culture that often guests become inebriated with a heady feeling of enjoying their lives in the wide expanse of the region called the Costa Verde.

One of the first items of historic interest in the region is that this is the birthplace of King Dom Afonso Henriques, Portugal’s first king. It was under the reign of King Henriques that Portugal was unified and was able to drive out the Moors from the country. As can be seen all throughout the area, Moorish influence still pervades in the architecture, cuisine and culture. Costa Verde is divided into three districts. These three districts are Viena de Castelo, Braga and Porto. Its climate is perfect for tourists, with mild dry summers and calm wet winters spread in seasons all year round.

Porto, or also known as Oporto, is one of the most charming albeit more older towns in Costa Verde. It is located in the southernmost part of Portugal, embracing the Duroro River. It is the acclaimed capital of the Costa Verde region. Within the city of Porto has an international airport and has the best and the most modern road system in Portugal. The tourist scene in the city is diverse, as there are many historic places, beautiful parks and gardens, and the delights one can enjoy in Oporto are many. The city has been subjected to conflicts of both local and foreign origin. Despite the many conflicts throughout its history, the populace has kept steadfast in its perseverance to survive and overcome. This overall feeling has been passed over generations, making it one of the academic centers, with the Universidade de Porto and the surrounding merchants and commerce of the city.

The city is also most known for the inebriating spirit affectionally called “Porto”. The grapes come from the lower slopes up in the middle area of the River Douro to be brought downstream to the city. Scattered on the riverbank are many manufacturers and artisans that make the renowned distilled spirit. A similar product is indigenous to the area and it is called Vinho Verde or young green wine. Though not as popular as Porto, Vinho Verde is said to capture Costa Verde’s spirit in a bottle.

One of the towns of Costa Verde is Braga, which is best known for the magnificent edifices that populate its skyline. The town was the original capital of the district in the medieval times, making for the many structures that are of the era’s design including the imposing castle in Braga. Guimaraes is the second town of great interest in the area. In 1139, Portugal’s first king, Dom Afonso Henriques declared in the town’s cathedral to conquer the rights to a kingdom and enlarge his fiefdom known as Portucale into a kingdom to be known as Portugal, where he will stand as king. His words rang true as from this area he was able to unify and proclaim his dream of a unified Portugal under his rule.

One of the reserves in the Costa Verde region is the Parque da Penada Gerez. In the nature reserve, many kinds of indigenous flora and fauna can be found, making it one of the serene natural environs in Costa Verde. The very northern part of the area is the Minho River basin, which lies on the border with Spain. The capital of this area is Braga and is said to have been founded by the Celts in 300 BC. From there, it developed into a Roman administrative center and continued on its career as an industrial as well as a religious area for tourists and visitors alike. One of the main edifices in the city is the Braga capital, the religious center of Minho. Another favored tourist destination are the locales around Pinhao and Sao Joao da Pesquiera. These farmland areas make use of the arable land even on the steep walls of the valley. This area is said to be the very heart of the wine industry, making it also a center of industry and culture in the Costa Verde Region.

The economy of the Costa Verde is greatly dependent on the Valley of the Douro River. It has a great agricultural base from the fertile areas surrounding it. Also, much of the income of the area comes from the trade and commerce of Port wine. It has also become one of the most industrialized regions in Portugal. This is best shown by the presence of many large corporations and businesses that call the area its headquarters. The tourism industry is also one of the cash cows of Costa Verde, especially during the high summer season as tourists come in droves to enjoy the sights and delights of the area. As its name implies, the Costa Verde is the one of the jewels of the Portuguese crown, the emerald locale for all to visit and enjoy.

Found in the district of Setubal is the municipality of Sines. The Municipality is spread over a total of over two hundred square kilometres of seafront land. It is located on the center of the Alentejo coast and is within the St Vincent and Southwest Alentejo Coast Natural Park. The town is a Mediterranean climate greatly influenced by the ebb and flow of the ocean. The highest temperature at the hottest month is nearly 21 degrees centigrade and at its coldest, it reaches 11 degrees centigrade. Its topographical features is a coastal plain with the Cape of Sines and the Cercal Mountains making it perfect as a getaway under the sun.

Sines has long been an established settlement throughout history. The area was called home at some time by Celts and the Carthaginians. During the Roman era, the town was called Sinus or bay in Latin. The town of Sines together with Pessegueiro Island had become the center of fish salting and shipping in the region. Originally, it was a small fishing hamlet until Dom Pedro I granted the charter to become a town in 1362 mainly due to its strategic location on the coast. At this time, in return for the grant of autonomy, the town authorities built the Castle. This castle is the single biggest monument in the history of Sines.

Another important historical figure that hails from Sines is the famed explorer Vasco Da Gama, the national hero of Portugal. The future discoverer was born in the town of Sines in 1469 and upon his return from India, Da Gama was given feudal rights over all of Sines. Two other important historic sons of Sines are the painter Emmerico Nunes, the painter and Al Berto, the poet.

The center of the town is the Parish Church dedicated to St Salvador, the Patron saint. There are also dedicated statues of religious significance to Our Lady of Salas for Sines and the Our Lady of Soledade for Porto Covo. Aside from these religious structures, there are many important historic edifices about the town. The Sines Castle is at the top of the list, followed by the Church of Our Lady of Salas and the Mother Church. For culture and arts, the focal building is the Sines Art Center.

The biggest attractions in Sines are its beaches that are white sandy shores with pristine waters. The biggest one is Porto Covo, a picturesque village with the most well preserved beaches as it forms part of the Sudoeste Alentejano and Costa Vincentina Natural Parks. The northern parts of the beaches are the Pessegueiro Island, the Sancha Lagoon, Ribeira dos Moinhos, Morgavel and Junqueira beaches. The main beaches have round the clock services with excellent facilities. The most popular tourist beaches include the Morgavel, the Vale Figueiros, the Grande of Porto Covo, the Ilha de Pessagueiro and the Torpes. The Praia Grande is one of the widest and most easily accessible. All throughout the area, there are many small coves and beaches with fine white sand and clear blue waters. The beaches are often separated by large rocks that create a wall for some exclusivity and intimacy. These areas are named as Vierinha, Oliverinha, Foz, Samouquiera, Burrinho, Espingardeiro, Pequena and Buzios are but some of the small but picturesque inlets you can relax in peace and in quiet. One of the most exclusive beaches, the Praia do Salto is a naturist beach and one of the few ones allowed in Portugal.

The beaches of Sines do not only provide entertainment value, but there are other reasons for the beauty and value of these seashores. One of these is the Praia Vasco da Gama as it is one of the most hallowed historic beaches of Sines. The beach has an adjoining Fishing Harbour, this strip of sand has become part of the very fabric of the municipality, as it has become witness to the marauding attacks of pirates to historic send-offs of galleons during the Age of Discovery. Another beach of historic and this time religious significance is the Praia de Sao Torpes. Legend has been told that the lifeless body of the martyr was found resting on the sands of the beach during the first century of the Christian era. The Praia Ilha do Pessegueiro was used as a refugee harbour by the Carthaginians as well as the Romans before going up the coast of Alentejo.

After a day at the beach, one will certainly be famished. Another way to enjoy the great offerings of Sines is in the cuisine of the area. Most if not all of the dishes in the Sines region have seafood as the main ingredient or mix seafood. The fresh bounty of the sea is often part of the culinary delights of inland Alentejo, such as Migas or fried breadcrumb with fried fish, beans with whelks, limpet rice, whelk and roe salad and so much more.

Further inland the Rua Candido dos Reis and the Rua Teofilo Braga are the shopping streets of the town. Another important historical edifice is the Largo dos Penedos, a watchtower built as an early warning system against invaders and/or marauders. It is also the highest vantage point in the town. On Rua Vasco da Gama, the home where the national hero of Portugal was born is located, making the town seeped in both history and culture. The town’s church is home to many religious artefacts that has gained both great spiritual and historic importance in Sines.

As the modern world comes into Sines, many projects in the region have been geared towards creating an economic support system to expand developmental aims in the region. The primary project is the large marina along a long breakwater together with a deep-sea port and industrial platform. There are also many construction projects in the energy industry and commercial shipping.

Sines has experienced a long and historic love affair with the sea. From its establishment to its economy, the sea is part and parcel in its every day life. It is home to the national hero of Portugal as well as many other lovers of the sea. In Sines, life is truly a beach.

Aljezur is located at a distance of thirty kilometers north of Lagos in a fertile valley filled with greenery and vegetation. The valley has long been known for its sweet potato crops as the rich land is fed by the river that cuts the area. The old town is located on one side while the new town is on the other side. The old town is built on a hillside, with the main street runs parallel to the river where there are many small cafes serving delights al fresco. A Moorish castle built in the 10^th century is located high on the hill overlooking the old town with a full picturesque landscape.

Archaeological discoveries have confirmed that human had settlements in the area at about 4,000 BC. This period was called the mirense of the Brone Age. The oldest formally recorded civilization was established by the Romans, which was soon supplanted by the Moors who lorded over the area for six hundred years. In 1280, the town received its charter from the reigning King Dinis. The boundaries of the municipality are shaped as a rectangle delimited by the hills around it and the sea, making much of its landscape is greatly influenced by these two bodies. The coastal area is lined with high cliffs that nestle beach coves and untouched dunes. The inland is covered by rolling hills with receding vegetation lined up all in the row.  In between these rows, vegetables, sweet potatoes and peanuts are grown over the centuries. Largely untouched during the centuries succeeding this era, it is now one of the fastest growing areas in the 20^th century.

All throughout its chequered past, agriculture was the main economic industry in the region. So overflowing was the produce that the farm products were shipped to the market via the port up the Aljezur creek. Over time, siltation made the creek impassable to barges or boats, the road running down Lagos was used for economic traffic. The earthquake of 1755 caused much destruction and disease to the town. In the 18^th century, the old town was infested with malaria. To assist the people in the grave malaise of the time, the Bishop of Algarve, Francisco Gomes de Avelar, instructed the construction of the new town, called Igreja Nova, in order to escape the deadly consequence of the disease and death. Despite these efforts, many of the residents stayed in their old homes that eventually created the two halves of the municipality known as Aljezur.

The beaches of Aljezur are the most breathtaking as the sea had carved the cliffs to make for the fine white sand beaches. On the cliffs, many migratory birds have built nests amongst the many wild flowers. The bay faces the sun with the long strip of beach separating land from the sea. The following are some of the famed beaches of Aljezur.

The Odeceixe is known for its long beach cut by the mouth of the Seixe creek. There is a resort built near the mouth of the creek and is geared for great family fun. The resort provides the greatest views from the inland Miradouro da Ponta Branca.

The Quebrada beach is one of the least visited beaches as this small swath of sand is hugged by the sea and the cliffs. Some of the other virgin coves are the Samouqueira, Vale dos Homens and Carriagem.

The Amoreira and Monte beaches are twin beaches separated by rock formations that lead up to Ponta da Atalaia or Lookout Point.

The Arrifana Beach is a fishing hamlet with a long stretch of sand that is sheltered by cliffs. This area is best attributed to the Moorish prince Ibn Caci in the 12^th century. He lived in the area as a recluse while writing poetry. There are also the remains of a fort built in the 17^th century to protect the village. The Pedra da Agulha is located in this area and is a magnificent sight to behold.

The most well known beach in the Aljezur is the Bordeira. The beach’s name comes from the Ribeira da Bordeira, which flows into the southern end of this swatch of sand. There is a fort built in the 17^th century to protect the bay from marauding pirates. There is a small headland named as Pontal that provides the best view of the surrounding beaches. There is also a large deposit of fossils from the Mesozoic era and can be reached by the use of a wooden footbridge over the stream.

Aside from enjoying the beach, there is a whole host of activities that can be enjoyed in Aljezur. Sports anglers can rent boats for the day and be hopeful of landing big game fishing in the area. The waters are overflowing with many species of fish such as sea bass, conger eels, snook, sea bream and dory. The famed fishing grounds of Aljezur are Baia dos Tiros, Esteveira, Samouqueira, Vale dos Homens, Carriagem, Fonte Sala, Pipa, Vale Figueiras, Canal, Atalaia, Bordeira, Pontal and Amado. You can also enjoy the waves and go surfing or body boarding as the waters in and around Aljezur are among the best in Europe.

There are many historic sites in Aljezur. Lying atop the hill, the castle foundations have seen much conflict between Christians and Moors over the centuries. The castle was built in the 10^th century by the Moors with a large courtyard surrounded by high walls punctuated by two towers. The castle was badly damaged during the great earthquake of 1755. Another historic site is the Fonte des Mentires or Fountain of Lies. It was called such because of its association with a beautiful Arab woman and the taking of the castle. There is also the Pillory, an area where criminals are paraded in front of the townspeople to be scorned and humiliated. There is also the Misericordia Church, a church rebuilt twice, first in the 16^th century and then again the 1755 earthquake. The doorway is in the Renaissance with a fraternity table.

The Main Church of Aljezur was completed by the end of the 18^th century and stood as the center of the Igreja Nova area of the town. There are three main areas to the church with the magnificent main altar. The church has a statue of the Nossa Senhora da Alva or the Lady of Daybreak made in the 18^th century. Many of the religious images and artifacts come from the old church that was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake.  The side chapels are from the Nossa Senhora do Destiero or Our Lady of the Exile from Monchique. The baptismal font is in the Manueline style of the 16^th century with crucifixes from the 18^th century. The finest treasures in the Church is a Eucharist box made of mother of pearl and gothic chalice, all housed in the Church’s ostensorium. 

The municipality of Aljezur is a bit of the old and a bit of the new. Its natural surroundings and historic sites are must see places to be in as one enjoys the development of the modern Portugal.

Leiria and the surrounding regions has been the hub of civilization of the area. The earliest settlements found in the region have been from the Turduli, an indigenous people of the Iberia. When the Romans conquered the region, they established a town named Collipo until they were driven out be the Moorish invasion. There is not much record of the occupation of the Visigoths but at the time of the Moors, Leiria was already a village with a garrison. The garrison of Leiria was liberated by the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques in 1135. This was the period called in Portuguese history as the Reconquista. In 1137 the Moors regained the village until 1140. In 1142, the town was fully liberated from Moorish occupation and in order to foster economic activity, the feudal system of foral was instituted in Leiria. In 1254, Dom Afonso III instituted the precursor of Portuguese parliament in history as he invited to Leiria members of the aristocracy and intelligentsia. The town reached its peak as King Dom Dinis improved the castle built in the area to become the royal residence for himself and Isabel de Aragon, his Queen. The castle stands as the crowning glory of Leiria.

The town itself has retained its charm and simplicity despite the grand changes occurring all around it. The walls around the town were reinforced upon orders of two kings of Portugal, Afonso Henriques and Sancho I. The Castle of Leiria was thoroughly improved to prevent the incursions by Moors. The population lived within the walls of the fort and garrison until the 12^th century when some of the population were allowed to set up homes just outside the fort’s walls. The importance of the town increased tremendously as the village played host to many feudal parliaments or Cortes. The very first Cortes was established by King Afonso II in 1245. The surrounding area of the town was the very first nature reserve, as King Dinis created by royal decree the Pinhal de Leiria or the Pine Forest of Leiria. The wood harvested from these forests became the galleons that were used in the Age of Discovery in the 15^th and 16^th centuries.

During the 15^th century, King John I ordered the building of a royal palace within the very walls of the existing castle in Leiria. This newer palace was of gothic design, provided full unimpeded views of the town and the surrounding landscape. This inner castle was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake, but has been partially rebuilt in the 20^th century. Aside from his own personal castle, King John I also supervised the building of the Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Pena or the Church of Our Lady of the Rock. It was also during this period that King Manuel issued many decrees for Leiria, such as a new foral over the lands, elevating the town to the category of city and as a see of the Diocese. This was the culmination of centuries of religious tradition. The earliest church was built in 12^th century as the Igreja de Sao Pedro opened its doors to the faithful. The central area is the altarpiece that was painted by Simoes Rodrigues in 1605. There is also the Santuario de Nossa Senhora da Encarcao, which lies in the upper anterooms of the church.

There are many other places of interest in and around Leiria. A short distance from Leiria is the Monastery of Batalha established in the 14^th century. The monastery was built as a monument to the victory of the Portuguese in the Battle of Aljubarrota against neighbour Spain. The east is found Fatima, a religious shrine most known for the appearance of the Virgin Mary with her predictions. Also to the east is Tomar, the site of many historic battles. Another famed place of interest for tourists is the town of Ourem just lying northeast of Fatima. Built in the 15^th century, the church of the castle is the crypt of King Afonso, whose grandfather is Nuno Alves Pereira, the general who fought and won the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385.

In the opposite direction, to the north is the smaller locale of Pombal. This town is associated with the 18^th century courtier named the Marques de Pombal. His enemies forced him to retire to this area, disgraced and dejected. Also one of the more imposing structures in the area is the 12^th century castle of the Order of the Knights Templar. Also found in the town is a small museum dedicated to the history of these famed Knights and its leader the Marques. There are also many nearby historical destinations such as the Alcobaca, Tomar and Batalha World Heritage Sites. There are also the resort towns of Costa de Prata at Sao Pedro de Muel. For a backpacking adventure, the Serras de Aire e Candeerios Natural Park as it offers many touring routes that will bring both an adventure for your feet and eyes but also the heart and the palate.

Leiria has been able to cherish many of the traditional crafts and artisans of the olden days. One of the most well known is hand blown glassware that is popular all across Europe. There are many handicrafts stores across the city each with their own take on traditional Portuguese craftsmanship located mainly on Praca Rodrigues Lobo and its surrounding streets. What is also most surprising is the number of shopping centers in Leiria, called locally as centros comerciales. Shopping days in Leiria are many as the city has very favourable weather for both inland and onshore activities.           Spring and summer in the city are sunny with high temperatures during July and August reaching 30 degrees and above. During autumn and winter, the weather is usually rainy and windy.

As you can see, Leiria is the crowning glory of Portugal for its rich past and even richer area. The long history of the town and city, and its long royal experience makes it truly one of the best tourist areas in Portugal.

Setubal is rich with history that dates back to the Roman era. It has been claimed that the town was found by a relative of Noah. The town has had a long and fruitful relationship with the sea that started in the first century AD. The town has a large protected harbor, being the third largest in Portugal. The high point of the town was in the Age of Discovery, as King Alfonso V set sail from its harbor on his way to conquer Alcacer Ceguer in Morocco.

Also throughout its long history, Setubal has been the foremost fishing port in the region. The prime commodity is sardines and its foremost spirit is muscatel wine. Despite its redevelopment with its pedestrian streets, fountains and parks, the focal point of the area is still the harbor. Right across the Rio Sado on the lagoon side is the Peninsular de Troia where the inland area lies the submerged ruins of Cetobriga. This former Roman town was destroyed by an earthquake and the tsunami that followed. It was well known as a fish-salting town but was abandoned as the river rose and the fishing supplies dried up. The many factories built to process the sardines from the city has been left in ruins outside the city. Setubal has always maintained an industrial center reputation and the current city government has been undertaking a major facelift of its industrial past in order to cash in on the tourist trade.

Another town in the Setubal area is Troia, which has been able to shed its sardine rich past to become a tourist haven. The town has become a large-scale tourist complex with many facilities to complement the beautiful beaches nearby. During the summer months, the full beauty and magnificence of the beaches of Setubal can be enjoyed. There are many several inlet beaches around the Serra da Arrabida or Arrabida Mountain Range, such as Praia Figuerinha and Praia da Arrabida. The Troia Resort though has dominated the locale as it is home to the world class Robert Trent golf course. The skyline will soon see new five star hotels, apartment hotels, a casino and conference center, and a country club with an equestrian center.

Riding on this crest of redevelopment are the many local businesses in the area. There is a well-known restaurant row in Setubal that is a strip of restaurants by the shore offering many great dishes at reasonable prices. Sardines are still a staple in the menu, but the current dish being raved about is the Chocos Fritos. This is simply fried cuttlefish, breaded, deep-fried and served with lemon wedges, fries and salad. This meal works best with beer or house white wine.

Despite the best efforts of the city council to redevelop the environs, there are still many places in and around Setubal that keep the traditions of the past alive in the modern era. The Cathedral Santa Maria de Graca is one of these edifices built in the 16^th century. Many of the beautiful tiles from the 18^th century grace the walls of the Cathedral. There is also the Igreja de Jesus, with its Gothic design and pink interior columns from the stone quarries of the Arrabida. The stonework is done in the typical rope style of the era, which is said to be founded by the King’s personal nurse. The Cathedral was designed by Diogo Boitac in 1494 designed in the Manueline style. The adjoining monastery has such an impressive collection of many 16^th century paintings from all over the country. Another structure from the past is the Museu de Setubal that is housed in the Monasterio de Jesus. The museum showcases many religious artifacts and art, including the manuscripts of the famed Portuguese poet Bocage of the 18^th century.  Also showcasing the past of Setubal is the Museu de Arquelogia e Etnografia as its collection includes Bronze Age pots to the processing of cork. Another tourist attraction is the 16^th century Castelo de Sao Filipe, which was built to defend the area from pirates and marauders. King Felipe II of Spain ordered the building of this star-shaped fort as his forces annexed Portugal. With the redevelopment, the fort has been renovated into the luxurious Pousada for the enjoyment of the tourists to the city. The only remnant of the original structure is the lovely chapel in the fort with its many azujelos that depict the life of the patron saint Felipe as well as the Virgin Mary. The tiles were done in the 1700s by Policarpio de Oliveira Bernades and this complements the antique furniture as well as magnificent views of the seashore and the horizon.

The surrounding estuary of the River Sado has also become a nature preserve for migratory birds and unique fish species called the Natural do Estuario do Sado. The park makes up the unique ecosystem of Setubal that are vast stretches of mudflats, small forests of pine trees and lagoons. This makes for a tranquil and relaxing tourist location just outside the city proper. To the west of the town is the famed Portinho da Arrabida, a large cove that faces south which is protected by the slopes from the north winds. Up these slopes is the Franciscan Monastery built in the 16^th century. The monastery has been restored to its original splendor by the Fundacio Oriente which is now used as a Study Center.

Near the coastline is the 17^th century fort that has been renovated into a small Sea and Marine Biology Center. To the south is the town of Alcacer do Sal that was once the province of Al-Cassr that was liberated by the Crusaders from the Moors. The Convento do Santo Antonio was built in the 16^th century was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake. The fort was rebuilt together with the convent with its walls that stretch from Lisbon up all the way into the Alentejo.

The city of Cetubal like its predecessor the Roman town of Cetobriga has risen from its past ruins. Now, with the onset of the modern economy, it is reinventing itself to rise from the ruins.

When you emerge from Lisbon and cross the suspension bridge that crosses the Rio Tejo, you reach the roadway to Setubal. After traveling 40 kilometers, you take the turn towards Sesimbra and reach the Arrabida National Park. At this point, you have reached the westernmost point of Europe. This is the Serra da Arrabida, where the Atlantic Coast can be viewed from rugged cliffs with unspoilt water and vegetation. Sesimbra is located forty kilometers south of Portugal’s capital city of Lisbon. This simple fishing port sits at the foot of the Arrabida hills fronting a blue bay. The hills serve to protect the locale from the fierce northerly winds. Ever since the 1960’s, Sesimbra has seen a steady increase of local tourists staying for the weekend. The town has an easy going feel to it and is a great place to kick back and relax.

When you reach the town, the most imposing structure is the 17^th century fort that protected the town from marauding bands of pirates and corsairs. Sitting atop a cliff is the castle built by Sancho II, which overlooks the town and sea. This castle was predated by many other structures on the same location, built by the Celts, Phoenicians, Moors and Romans. The modern history of the castle began in 1190 as Dom Afonso Henriques, the first king of Portugal captured the Moorish castle of the era. There were many conflicts that occurred for the right to claim the castle, which was put to rest by King Sancho II in 1200. Sesimbra was declared by royal decree of King Dinis in 1323. Over the passage of Portuguese history, many of the royal families of Portugal, such as Manuel I and Joao III spent much of their time in Sesimbra. During the rule of Joao IV, many infrastructure projects were built, including the fortress of Sao Teodosio.

Despite being low-key as a town, there are many delights to enjoy about the town. The cuisine is supreme with fresh fish such as tuna and swordfish as its main ingredient in many sumptuous dishes. After that meal, you can take a stroll down the promenade or even on the beach. The waters in and around Sesimbra are pristine. During the day, much of the activity is centered on the port when the fishermen go out early to fish and many townsfolk await their return to partake of the bounty of the sea. During the Age of Discovery, many of the pilots of the Portuguese vessels came from the town of Sesimbra. This is due to their long tradition of being fishermen, it was ingrained that many of the pilots of the galleons that discovered the New World were from the town’s genealogy. In essence, Sesimbra is still a simple fishing village and much of their traditions and festivities revolve around fishing and the sea.

Many of the local churches depict religious imagery with sea and the saints. The church is still packed with faithful praying for a good catch and the safe return of their fishermen. One of the oldest structures in the town is the Church of Santa Maria that is located in the middle of the 17^th century fortress rebuilt by King Sancho II. Another important religious buildings is the Church of the Misericordia built in the 15^th century. Within its walls is the magnificent painting of the Nossa Senhora da Misericordia and the statue of Senhor das Chagas, Our Lord of the Wounds. According to local legend, the statue of the Lord of Wounds appeared out of the water and was rescued by fishermen who brought it to the church. Legend also wraps the chapel of the Nossa Senhora do Cabo. The legend of Our Lady of the Cape tells the story of a brightly lit image of the Virgin would appear in the middle of a storm to guide the sailors from being shipwrecked. It was said that the chapel was built from the donations made by a thankful merchant in her honor and chosen to live alone until the end of his days. His one last order to his command was to have them visit him as he lived near the chapel he built in honor of the Lady of the Cape. This is said to be the beginnings of the annual pilgrimage to the church. Another beautiful church, though not as legendary but is as beautiful,  is the Church of Santiago with its magnificent tile work made in the 17^th century.

Many other traditions of the town revolve around the catch and the sea. Each morning, weather permitting, the catch of the day is laid out on the sand for public bidding.  For religious observance, the town celebrated the Festival of the Senhor das Chagas each March to commemorate the appearance of the statue in the bay of Sesimbra. During February and March, there are many street theater festivals that operate well into the evening. When June comes around, the town comes alive with music and décor with many parades as the town celebrates the Festa dos Santos Populares.

Another burgeoning industry is deep-sea fishing. The very first catch that was recorded in the 1950’s was by sport fisherman Manuel Frade. He caught the very first espadarte or swordfish with a rod and reel. Ever since that time, many professional and aspiring anglers have tried to battle the gladiator of the sea. In these times however, due to dwindling fish stocks, most fishermen and the local crew practice the “catch and release method”.

Sesimbra can also be a jump off point for you to see much of the surrounding landscapes. A few kilometers to the west is located the Cabo Espichel, a dramatic cliff top with picturesque views of the bay. At the headland of this cliff top is the Santuario de Nossa Senhora do Cabo that was built in the 17^th century. It served not only as a sanctuary during its heyday and nowadays has become a favored film location because of its simple architectural design and sweeping vistas. Located to the east is Serra da Arrabida, a nature reserve with a small beachfront with shallows. This spot has been considered as one of the foremost beauty spots in all of Europe and is also a great setting due to its simple tranquility.

The municipality of Monchique was born when Roman settlers arrived in the Caldas de Monchique. The main reason for the establishment of the early settlement was the belief in the curative powers from the springs in and around the municipality. Over the years, the population increased and by the 16^th century Monchique caught the eye of the then King of Portugal, King Sebastian, which sought to elevate it to the status of township.

The Serra de Monchique has been best known for its peace and tranquility, its verdant environment, the wide expanses, the hospitality of its populace, the uncomplicated lifestyle and the general laid back way of life in the town. The climate is much more comforting compared to the sun drenched southern areas nearby. The area is formed by wooded hills and valleys that covers the Sao Marcos de Serra to Aljeur leading to the Algarve up north and ending in Alentejo to the south. This separated Monchique and the Algarve from the rest of Portugal.

The main economic engine for the growth of Monchique was in the weaving industry as well as the linen that made the sturdy fabrics worn during special occasions. Another industry was in the woodworks from the local chestnut tree populace. Much of the forest was cut down for material to construct the galleons, buildings and other structures during the age of Discovery. Many chestnut, walnut and other tree species grow alongside plantations of evergreen pines and cork oaks. Lately, these areas have been planted with the antipodean eucalyptus for the paper and pulp industry.

Ultimately, the civic charter was granted in 1773. Sadly though, the Industrial Revolution ushered the demise of the local textile industry but retained just enough to maintain the traditions and art of wool making. The woodworks industry still was able to survive with a local handicraft industry that made wicker baskets, wooden spoons, knives and kitchenware. They have integrated many of the designs from its former occupants, such as the scissor chair. The local handicraft industry also has a flourishing trade in dried flower arrangements, tapestry pictures and sculptures made of tree branches.

The town itself is simple and beautiful, a confluence of white houses surrounding a central church. Much of the area around Monchique are largely uninhabited. The highest peaks in the Monchique range are the Foia that rises 902 meters while the Picota rises to 773 meters.

One of the most famous of all the products of Monchique is the Medronho. The liqueur is made from the fruit of the arbutus or strawberry tree that is grown from the surrounding hillside. This spirit is an acquired taste and it has a rather strong alcoholic content. It is said to have medicinal properties, as it is good for a cold. Another local delicacy is the local honey used as an ingredient in many of the cakes and desserts made locally. You can sample both the Medronho and honey flavored pastries from the many cafes and pastelerias in the area.

Monchique is also famous for its local cuisine. The staple is rice and beans and are cooked in a variety of delightful dishes. The local use of pork in the cuisine, including its formulation in sausages and blood sausages, called locally as farinheiras and molhos are a must. Similarly, one of the local delicacies is ham cured in the centuries old tradition. It creates a smoky and nutty flavor makes this an unforgettable dish. Basic among the many recipes is honey, which is formulated from the nectar of many different kinds of wild flowers. The formulation of this honey makes it unique amongst the other naturally occurring sweeteners in the world.

Like many of the locales in Portugal, religion casts a long shadow in its local traditions and structures. The main church of Monchique was established in the 15^th to 16^th centuries that remained standing proud until the great earthquake of 1755. The main doorway to the church is designed in the Manueline tradition with cogolios in its five corners and masks adorn the spaces between columns. The interior is made of three naves and the capitals of each of the columns are made in the shape of twisted ropes. This design is repeated throughout the main entrance. The main chapel is a gilded and carved retable built in the 18^th century. Up on the arch are two angels that are holding up the sun and moon, wholly supported by a pair of atlantes. The tabernacle is of a curious design as it is fashioned in the form of a miniature church. The main statue in the church was made by the famed sculptor Machado de Castro and it is in the image of the Nossa Senhora de Conceicao.

Another religious edifice is the Capela do Santissimo or the Chapel of the Most Holy. The chapel holds a collection of 17^th century tiles and statues. The chapel also houses many of the ceremonial objects that was once part of the collection of the Monasterio do Nossa Senhora de Desterro. The statue of the Our Lady of Exile can be found in the Church of Sao Sebastiao. The image evokes a deep image of sorrow. The church that now houses the statue is surrounded by whimsical columns and the baldaquin was influenced by the original church.

The Misericordia Church is also one of the religious attractions in Monchique. The carvings on the altar, pulpit and baldaquin of the church are both artistic marvels and venerated objects. Also contained is the church are two large 18^th century canvasses of religious images that are often carried in the many religious festivals held throughout the year. The Senhor dos Passos Hermitage or the Lord of the Stations of the Cross is famed for the life-sized statue of Jesus Christ.

Monchique still retains the old world Algarve’s charm and traditions. It has kept its old fashion sense despite the development of the many of the surrounding areas. Despite the many changes, the Serra de Monchique has kept its hold to its simple past despite the changes that the Algarve has undergone. Monchique is the last bastion of traditional life truly in the Algarve.

The Alentejo province is located to the south of Rio Tejo. It is a region of wide plains and its capital is the city of Evora. The city is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its wide and colourful past and the presence of many historical sites in the city. The city was once enclosed behind medieval walls that served as protector to the many houses built in the 16^th and 17^th centuries. The layout of these houses includes tile patios that have been whitewashed lining up the cobblestoned labyrinth streets with squares of bubbling fountains and many Moorish arches. The city is a huge showcase of the finest historical architecture in Portugal, with great and varied influences all throughout its long history.

The city is located over a hundred kilometres southwest of Badajoz Spain and nearly a hundred fifty kilometres east of Lisbon. During the Roman era, the city was known as the Liberalitas Julia. During this period, many structures and edifices were built, most notably the monumental imperial temple dedicated to Diana. There were many barbarian invasions of the city and eventually it fell to the Visigoths. The city was overrun by the Moors in 715. Evora was liberated from Moorish control by Geraldo the Fearless in 1166 that developed the city into one of the most dynamic and modern cities during the Middle Ages. During this period, the royal court made Evora its residence making for many important celebrations as well as other decisions of national importance. The Avis Dynasty, which was the period between 1385 and 1580, made Evora a major center for arts and humanities. During the reign of Joao III, Evora became Montmartre of Portugal where avante garde artists, playwrights and other artisans converged under the watchful eye of the ruling elite.

One of the greatest accomplishments in the city is the establishment of the University of Evora by the Society of Jesus in 1551 upon the instruction of the Cardinal King Henrique. In the halls of this learning institution that great masters such as Clenardo and Molina increased their knowledge as well as shared their skills. The work of the Jesuits came to a standstill in the 18^th century when they were expelled from the country. The university was closed thus leading to the decline of Evora. What the Jesuits left in the city were many monuments as well as a burgeoning artistic and cultural past. The city’s history was preserved with the many Roman, Gothic, Manueline, Mannerist and Baroque inspired architecture and art that fortified Evora as the living museum.

Now, Evora has recovered from its troubled past. The university has since reopened in 1973. The historical center has over 4000 buildings spread over a land area of 105 hectares. One of the sites of great interest is the Cathedral Sta Maria, which was built in the Gothic style built in the 12^th century. The cathedral was renovated in the 14^th century with the building of the ogival cloister, which is the main entrance to the cathedral. Sculptures of the Apostles dominate the structure that was completed in the 17^th to the 18^th century. The Sacred Art Museum was built in the cathedral in the gallery above the nave house of the structure.

Another imposing structure is the Archbishop’s Palace, which is now rebuilt into a Museum. The museum houses a good collection of Portuguese and European art pieces and ceramics from the 15^th to the 16^th centuries. There is also a wide collection of Roman tablets, jewellery from the medieval and Baroque periods. Also showcased are works from the golden age of Portuguese Expansion such as the stone sculpture of the Discoveries, the Portuguese coat of arms and the marble grave of the governor of Brazil, D. Duarte Costa.

The Convento de Sao Joao Evanglista is one of the structures that have maintained the rich architecture of Evora’s past. It is no longer a convent but the Pousada de Loios has taken its place in the structure, allowing one a respite in the middle of the city. A short distance from the convent is the Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval, a palace that was built over a castle destroyed in 1384. The palace is one of the best examples of the Manueline-Moorish period especially its watchtower called the Tower of Five Shields. In contrast, the Palace of the Counts of Basto is a primitive Moorish styled castle. The castle was the residence of the kings of the Alfonsine dynasty and the interiors are an amalgamation of Gothic, Manueline, Moorish and Renaissance designs in architecture.

Another unique building is the Convento de Nossa Senhora de Graca. Designed in the Italian Renaissance style, it has an imposing façade and a heavy portico with a double open triangular pediment adorned with angels at the top. Equally imposing is the Igreja de San Francisco, with its Gothic design but finished during the Manueline period. One of the macabre features is the Baroque chapel covered with human bones. The Palace of D. Manuel is but the remains of an Avis Dynasty palace built in the 16^th century. The structure is a Moresque-Gothic-Renaissance styled building in 1497. It is of historical significance as this was the location where Vasco da Gama gave the command to his squadron to lead his maritime travel to India. Flanked by all these structures is the Giraldo Square that was the location of King Duarte’s Estaus Palace. The palace maintains its Gothic design, together with its fountain and the imposing St Anton’s Church built in the 16^th century.

Evora is a city rich in history and architecture. Located near the capital city of Lisbon, Evora has become one of the popular tourist day trips from the capital. It has been said that one can only truly experience the magnificence of Evora by seeing 59 monuments. In truth and in fact, the living museum can be enjoyed and experienced in much lesser time and with greater pleasure than any pleasure vacation in any other place in the world.